Urology: Plan of investigations

Laboratory methods of investigation

• Blood analysis: GBC
• Biochemical test: urea, creatinine, protein, general bilirubin 
• Urine analysis: Proteinuria, Cast, erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial cells, bacteria; pH
• bacteriological study of urine (urine culture)
• immunity/sensitivity test
• Glucose level in blood
• Bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time
• Functional kidney test: Zimnitsky test

Instrumental investigation

• Catheterization of bladder
• Cystoscopy
• Percutaneous nephrostomy
• prostatomy

Ultrasound

X-ray examination

• Plain X-ray
• excretory urography (Intravenous pyelography; IVP)
• Cystography; voiding cystogram
• retrograde urethrography
• retrograde pyelography

SPECIAL X-ray

• Abdominal aortography
• percutaneous antegrade urograms
• Lymphography
• Inferior venacavography
• miscellaneous urologic angiography

CT

MRI

Radionuclide imaging